In the name of God, the most merciful, the most kind
PREFACE
It is a workgroup by our team that we make for our seminar in the course of second semester; in here we brought the composition for the main purpose of research which mentions the method of script a composition.
We will declare the technique of composition in sequences, in the first states about the composition then it runs in method of composition that instruct the way of writing an essay and an article, in addition it conducts and explains the style of writing one by one such as: something to say, gathering the material, making a plan, the tone, the main body and the ending. We hope all the information that we gather be supportive and persuasive with the aim of successful and good fortune.
COMPOSITION
Composition is a part of literature that writer can compose its essay, story, documents and many more things on its favor, so we can define composition is a literary, musical, or artistic production, especially one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used of an elementary essay or translation done as an educational exercise. This shows that Composition is an art you may not be able to feel around instantly. It comes over a period of time and with constant practice. So it is your effort that you put into the job to get a reverberating outcome. Because it is some kind of freedom you experience when you write your expressions that stream in your mind.
Unlike other academic homework’s that you get, composition and essaying is one kind of writing where you can write how and what you feel. Of course keeping in mind the author’s representation of thoughts and words that you are digging into and then letting out your thoughts takes a different turn. When we talk about effective writing, we often think first about elements like word choice, grammar and mechanics, and content or evidence. But a really important part of effective writing—and effective thinking, too—is clear, logical organization.
METHOD OF COMPOSITION
All forms of literary composition are difficult if you set yourself a high standard. They are difficult because every aspect of English is involved-sentence construction, paragraphing, punctuation, vocabulary, spelling, and so on. You cannot hope to attain perfection. You can, however, improve your expression by approaching your written work in a systematic manner, by practicing regularly, and by studying the best models.
SOMETHING TO SAY
The first essential is to have something to say that is worth saying. A reasonably wide range of subjects is usually offered, and it is possible to choose a topic on which you are well-informed.
But this is not enough. You can write well only if you are interested, and this interest must be conveyed in your writing. The best essays and articles are a combination of facts and opinions.
Knowledge should be enlivened with ideas. It is only when you are in control of your subject-matter and are keen to express your views that you will be likely to be forcible as well as clear and direct. The student who is observant, thoughtful, imaginative, and interested in a variety of subjects in his everyday life has a fabulous advantage.
GATHERING THE MATERIAL
Generally, you should make use of any material you can gather from books, newspapers, magazine articles, talks on wireless and television, and so on, making notes if necessary. This material must be absorbed in the mind and not merely copied, though a suitable quotation is often useful. Try also asking yourself questions, such as: Is a definition helpful, or even necessary? Is the subject topical or one that has always been important? Has the question a history? Have I read anything on the subject in Literature? Are there advantages and disadvantages, arguments for and against? Is it a topic that can be dealt with in a light or humorous manner, or is it altogether serious? What illustration or anecdote might be needed? Have I any relevant personal experiences? Are there a past and a future to be considered?
MAKING A PLAN
The next step is to make a plan. It is here where the really hard thinking should be done. The best plan is that which contains the most facts and ideas in the fewest words. It consists of paragraph headings, not sentences, each being capable of development and illustration. You normally need about six to eight; they should be numbered or arranged so that there is a logical order running through the essay. You must consider how you are going to move from one paragraph to the next. All classification of facts and ideas should be done from the same angle.
THE BEGINNING
The first paragraph is very important and often the most difficult to write. Generally speaking, it should be short and concerned with the subject as a whole. You may begin with a general reflection on the topic, ask a provocative question, state your purpose in writing, or you may choose to open with some striking incident, which will lead you into the subject. Whatever method you use, it is most important to catch the interest of the reader immediately.
THE TONE
No communication in words is fully effective unless a reader, real or imagined, is kept in mind. It is advisable to imagine a reader of the same intellectual level as yourself and to write to him or her on equal terms. In this way you will set the right tone and avoid being narrow, superior or affected. Keep and end in view and avoid what is trite and irrelevant. “The test of a good style is the economy of the reader’s attention.”
THE MAIN BODY
When you have stimulated the interest of the reader your task is to hold it. This is best done by ensuring that one sentence follows another logically, just as one paragraph should follow another naturally.
Here connectives, like therefore, moreover, however, consequently, are extremely useful. Consistency and unity will come as a consequence. A test of consistency is that the form or shape of your writing is understandable. To help the reader you must make full use of topic sentences as sign-posts on your way.
All the time your writing should be a progression towards and end; in narration, a complete a picture; in explanation, a logical movement till the explanation is clear and complete; in argument, a continuous quantity of evidence until your case is absolutely convincing. Remember that you are engaged in a kind of artistic creation and that the design must be definite and obvious to the reader. In all good designs a proper proportion or balance must be preserved. And this brings in the question of emphasis. Important points must be dealt with at greater length and in more detail than the others; more illustrations are needed and sometimes more forcible expressions. Illustration (perhaps in the form of real or imaginary experiences of your own, or derived from your reading) are frequently the most interesting part of an essay or article. They are often the answer to the problem of the student who finds it difficult to develop his/her ideas. Even if your main ideas are not original, your illustrations and examples can be new and personal. A good order for developing a paragraph is: topic sentence, indicating the theme of the paragraph, followed by explanation or argument in favor of the statement, and then illustrations.
THE ENDING
The last paragraph, like the first, should not be concerned with a detail or minor point; it should preferably deal with the subject as a whole. Except in a very long piece of writing, it is not advisable to summarize by repetition. A neat method is to return to the idea with which you began-as though to complete the circle especially if you can now look at it in a different light. Occasionally a quotation suggests itself, or and interesting idea to leave the reader to think over.
You should try to avoid: irrelevance, wild statements and over writing a wrong tone, lack of balance, a mere list of facts, and above all, dullness.
You should aim at: interest, unity, coherence, proportion, a tone suitable to the reader and a style appropriate to the subject. It is a matter of courtesy, often neglected; to see that there are no careless loses your balance in expression, particularly in spelling and punctuation.
REFERENCES:
(Robert Boote) English language for sixth forms
www.encycolopadya.com Composition
Arrange and typed by: Mohsen Rastagar
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